Gender And Ethnic Background On Adolescent Development

4). It is essential to consider the interconnectedness of the system from an ecological perspective, contemplating the involvement of the system parts, which include the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Characteristics such as the neighborhood in which the adolescent lives, their socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic background, play a role in their development. A spectrum that considers a multifaceted framework, provides a platform to enhance one’s understanding of the assessment outcomes. According to Hill, Bromell, Tyson Flint (2007), the stages of adolescent development from ages eight to sixteen, involve biological, social, and cognitive components. Adolescents move through phases of identity development which encapsulates changes within relationships of friends, peers, family members, and parents. Within that timeframe, approximately two transitions occur between educational facilities in the adolescent’s life. The biological shift occu rring, involves hormonal changes and affects the adolescent’s mood. Behavioral changes are expressed through heightened anxiety, the onset of depression, and extreme high mood levels followed by extreme low levels. The identity development phase involves self-conscious behavior, self-centeredness, and questioning one’s ability to be successful. African American adolescents face a period of development unique to that population, where they explore their ethnic and racial identity along with experiencingShow MoreRelatedRace, Religion, Social Class, And Ethnicity1274 Words   |  6 PagesHow you do in school, your social ability, and your awareness of others are all guided by how you identify. Identification in one’s gender, race, religion, social class, and ethnicity are all driving forces behind your future self. Identity is a crucial part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have been trying to identify new, untested factors t hat influence behavior in people. Although, in the past there hasn’t been a strong focus on the positive and negative effectsRead MoreLanguage Variation And Language Variations1596 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduce different components which may affect speakers’ choice of style. Styles and Speaker Variation 1. Gender Over centuries, there is a question that has been frequently asked, which is ‘Do women and men talk differently?’ Early in 1970s, sociolinguists started studying language variations on gender and sex. According to the British sociologist Anthony Giddens (1989: 158), ‘gender’ concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between males and females while ‘sex’ focus on theRead MoreBullying Among Adolescents And The United States1567 Words   |  7 Pages Bullying amongst Adolescents in the United States Alyssa Bailey California State University, Fullerton â€Æ' Bullying amongst Adolescents in the United States Bullying has gained increased focus in recent decades, in part because of the intensified media coverage on the subject. Tragic events such as school shootings tend to bring the topic of bullying to the forefront of media coverage because once the shooter’s background is further investigated, a history of peer victimization is often uncoveredRead MoreAdolescence, in modern society is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Known as a time of600 Words   |  3 Pageschildhood to adulthood. Known as a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology and deviance, this period of life is influenced by the ethnicity, the culture, the gender, the Socio Economic Status, the age and the life style. Adolescence period usually ends with a physically, cognitively, and socio emotionally changed young adult. The physical development in adolescence In trying to discuss adolescence, most adult tend to confuse the terms adolescence and puberty, and use them synonymously. However, pubertyRead MoreA Short Note On Depression And Female Adolescent Depression1515 Words   |  7 Pagesin their life. Adolescent Depression is a growing issue even in today society. Males and females both suffer Adolescent depression, but females are more prevalent than males. In order for us as a society to help victims of depression we have to know what female adolescent is, how many female adolescence develop major and minor depression, the symptoms, the age of onset, the duration of the major and minor depression and if genetics is a part of the depression in female adolescent. ​In order toRead MoreGender Identity : Gender And Masculinity Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesGender plays an enormous role in every society around the world. There are debates about whether gender is defined by strictly biological characteristics or social attributes. Others argue that gender is a spectrum, rather than the dichotomy of male and female. Masculinity and femininity are sets of attributes, roles and behaviors that are associated with men and boys and girls and women, respectively. Both masculinity and femininity have specific traits that are both biologically and socially definedRead MoreEthics Of Working With Adolescents1633 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics of working with adolescents is not simply a response to their conflicts and dilemmas. It involves a complex deliberation of the legal context, as well as the ethical framework, that guides the practice of a healthcare practitioner (Michaud, Berg-Kelly, Macfarlane, Benaroyo, 2010). Ethical considerations for an adolescent include the important components of duty of care, confidentiality, consent, and mandatory reporting (Sigman, Silber, English, Epner, 1997). Sustainable service collaborationRead More Achievement Gap Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesThe achievement gap is defined as the disparity between the performance groups of students, especially groups defined by gender, race/ethnicity, ability and socio-economic status. The achievement gap can be observed through a variety of measures including standardized test scores, grade point averages, drop out rates, college enrollment and completion rates. The Black-White achievement gap is a critical issue in modern society’s education system. Although data surrounding the issue clearly indicatesRead MoreRacial Identity And Ethnicity Identity1626 Words   |  7 Pagesexamined my identity by my gender identity, racial identity, and my ethnicity identity. I describe my earliest memory of realizing my gender identity by remembering when I realized I was a woman. I discuss how I became to learn about my racial identity and ethnicity identity by going to school with various people. I the n describe how the aspects of my gender identity and racial identity did and did not influence my leisure and life pursuits. My racial identity and gender identity did not influenceRead MoreBehavioral And Contextual Factors That Affect The Females And Minority Students Career Choices Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pageswhich leads to negative attitudes being shaped and these beliefs shaping the performance and overall interest in STEM fields. It is the environmental cues which make the negative stereotypes salient (Sharpio Williams, 2011). Many aspects of the adolescents’’ environment such as, parent and teacher biases, being the minority and working with someone who possesses a negative stereotype can produce these threats. They also cause performance decrements. While previous research shows that effort output

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Strengths and Weaknesses of the Enterprise Bargaining Process

Question: What Is The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Enterprise Bargaining Process? Answer: Introduction Fair Work Commission (FWC) previously known as Fair Work Australia (FWA), is a tribunal for the Australian Industrial relations formed by the Fair Work Act 2009, being a profit of the Government of Rudd reforms in the Australian industrial relations (Baird, 2009, p. 3). This paper will answer the question on the role of Fair Work Commission in the making and approving of industrial agreements. FWC roles and functions are setting and changing the industries awards, fixation and regulation of the minimum wage, resolving industrial conflicts and disputes, approving of enterprise agreement and bargaining, handling unfair dismissal claims, employment termination among others (Cooper, R, Ellem B 2009, p 284-305). The Fair Work Act attempts to create a better national industrial system in the state, the states has the choice of forwarding complains to the Commonwealth, in case this happens all states employees are under cover of the FWC. Since its inception all of the Australian states with exception of the Western Australian refer their powers to Commonwealth(Cooper, 2009, pp. 284-305). Resignation of Vice-President Graeme Watson A report by Anna Pattyon February 27, 2017 shows that the Vice President of FWC (Graeme Watson), issued a resignation letter on January by declaring the commission as dysfunctional and divided. Mr. Watson was the last remaining appointee in the coalition serving a higher role in the commission and functioning in favor of the commission. He gave out his intention a day before his resignation effective date.He accused the commissions of being a danger zone for the businesses, claiming that the body is undermining its legislation. Writing to the employment Minister Michaela Cash he quoted that the business community which is intended to be protected by the commission cannot rust it any longer, referring to it as partisan, dysfunctional, and divided body. Graeme resignation and sidelining by the commissions president Bill Shorten reflects the poor state of leadership in the commission, and on the presidents failure to pack the commission on worthy and meritiocrityappointments. His resignation led to calls to overhaul the entire tribunal from the business community by addressing the partisan, divided and dysfunctional state of the commission. Enterprise Bargaining on the Blink According to(Westacott, 2017), when a highly ranked person in the commission like Watson resigns and out rightly declares that something is really wrong within the commission the body has to stand and say that something is really wrong. Due to the changes taking place in the businessand the digitalization of most processes, changing life habits of the Australian families has greatly led to reshaping of the workplaces, business systems should change with these changes. Enterprise bargaining has led to changes and cracks in the Australian workplaces relation system leading to disempowering of workers and employers. Enterprise bargaining was incepted in 1990 by Hawke and Keating governments and has since then served as a strong foundation of workplace relations. The main reason for the introduction of enterprise bargaining was to help in wage regulation and setting up working conditions that are favorable to both the employers and the employees and not deny employees their collective bargaining benefits. Its about the employers, employees and their representativesinterest fulfillment achieved when the bodies sit down and comeup with a collective decision regarding a current situation the organization. Regardless of the immense efforts of enterprise bargaining it is still faces risks of becoming unworkable for the employers and for the employees employed under it (40%). This is because the bodys functions has been extended far much past the wages and working conditions. Currently most of the systems has incorporated managerial decisions like hiring and organizational design among others. This means that different clauses have to be included into the system from time to time, as reported by the vice-president Graeme Watson in his resignation letter, protection action of employers as well as employees is therefore threatened. The agreements which have already been signed by employers under good faiths are as well at risk of being altered. Coles decision clearly demonstrates this in that over 90% of employees voted in favor of making the wage agreement but they were denied the wages and conditions and given into hands of the tribunal. The Better off Overall Test current changes and co nstructions are making the process of collective agreement making cumbersome, challenging and risky with large enterprises(Taylor, 2009). The trend must be addressed failure to which the businesses will have to shift to regulated awards systems , the challenge being in the complex and unclear state of the awards, most of them are also outdated. Use of awards will subject businesses and workers in a worse, workers on enterprise agreements on average earn more than those on award system. The report states that Australia needs to do something on the current situation to ensure that the enterprise agreement is in line with the global competitive pressures, sensible changes that can be implemented needs to be considered, for example the Better Off Overall Test should be made more predictable and more transparent to all employees and employers(Fact Sheet, 2013). Enterprise bargaining system should be modernized. The parliament demonstrated that it can work together and make necessary workplace relations laws that can help improve the Australias competitive ability, by passing the laws to re-establish the Australian Building and Construction Commission at the end of 2016. Members of parliament who have interest to raise the economic prosperity in 2017, through better job creation and better wages for the communities they serve should respond to the signs of threats towards enterprise bargaining and support all possible solutions. Collective Agreements unlike awards apply only to employees of a single employer but not to all employers of the entire industry. In making of an enterprise agreement the members must first endorse the proposed enterprise bargaining between themselves, if it involves the employees the matter is subjected to voting. After which the Fair Work Commission approves it as per the Fair Work Act 2009, after which the agreement qualifies to be an enterprise agreement and aligned with the Fair Work Australia assess its entitlement in comparison to the awards (Fact Sheet, 2013) How Fair Work Agreements are made To start with Fair Work Australia Act 2009 offers the employers and employees with a general overview to guide them on how the system should look like, tis framework guides the employees and the employers in ensuring that they enter into agreements in good faith. From there the parties engage in a bargaining process for the proposed enterprise agreement. The employer should alert his employees of the right they have to be represented in the bargaining agreement process by a representative within 14 days after the agreement notice has been released, such notice is passed to all the companys current workers who are intended to be covered by the agreement (Hall, 2006, pp. 291-303) Steps in Making and Approval of the Agreement According to (Cooper, 2009, pp. 261-274) negotiating and approving of an enterprise agreement involves a number of steps. These steps are as follows; Boot analysis: this involved assessing the their pay rates and working conditions in the Enterprise Bargaining Agreement for all employees and ensuring that when compared with the modern award they all satisfy the Better Off Overall Test (BOOT). Preparation of the Enterprise Bargaining Agreement to be forwarded to the workers. Within a period of 14 days a formal notice should be given to the employees to inform them of the employers intentions to enter into a bargaining process, any employeesunion involved is notified as well. After notice has been presented to the employees bargaining meetings arranged and conducted during which EBA amendments are made. Employees then take part on a voting exercise to vote for the agreement for the EAB to be approved it requires majority agreement from the employees. After a successful voting the EAB should be lodged with the Fair Work the EAB should be lodged with FWC. Responding to FWC request, to either add, remove some parts of the agreement which fails to bide with FWC requirements. The final stage is the FWCs agreement approval. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Enterprise Bargaining Process EAB is advantageous and a strong tool to use as it gives a choice of simpler system to remunerate the employees as compared to that of the modern awards, it as well acts as an employment contract because the employer is only required to give a copy of the EAB to a new employer. Negotiations between employer and employees helps is setting up an agreement that is favorable conditions for both. EAB offers all employees under it to team up and collectively bargain on their needs. However, the weak side of the Agreement is it time and resources consumingnature, to be approved lots of costs are incurred, there are also tight timeframes that should be adhered to avoid rejection by FWC (Sheldon, 2008, pp. 235-248) In conclusion even though the process of collective bargaining is expensive and time consuming to make its an important tool that benefits both the employer an employee, especially to an employer who manages his business activities efficiently without so many uncertainties of meeting or failing to meet the legal obligations that are applicable to modern awards. References Baird, M. W. S., 2009. Women, Work and Idustrial Relations in 2008. Journal of Industrial Relations, Volume 51, p. 3. Cooper, R. . E. B., 2009. Fair Work and reregulation of Collective Bargaining;. Australian Journal of Labour Law, 22(3), pp. 284-305. Cooper, R., 2009. The New Industrial Relations and International Economics Crisis: Auralia in 2009. Journal of Industrial Relaions, 52(3), pp. 261-274. Hall, R., 2006. Australian Idustrial Relatios in 2005- The WorkChoices Revolution. Journal of Idustrial Relations, June. Sheet, E. B. F., 2013. FairWork, s.l.: Australian Government. Sheldon, P., 2008. What collective bargaining future for Astralia. in J. Riley and P. Sheldon(eds) ed. s.l.:s.n. Taylor, J., 2009. Unions welcome new Fair Work Act, s.l.: s.n. Westacott, J., 2017. Enterprise bargaining on blink of faiure. 1 February.

Jane Addams Essays - Child Labor In The United States, Jane Addams

Jane Addams JANE ADDAMS Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6, 1860. She grew up in Cedarville, but later moved to Chicago where she died on May 21, 1935 of cancer. Being a woman, she made up about fifty percent of the population. Addams was very well known. Addams was quoted by President Theadore Roosevelt as ?America's most useful citizen.? She was a social reformer, internationalist, and feminist, but she was most well known for founding the Hull House. For the most part, she did live the ?American Dream,? if you interpret the ?American Dream? as wealth and success. She never had financial problems at all. Her father was a wealthy businessman and Illinois senator for eight consecutive years. He was a friend of Abraham Lincoln and he was a widely respected leader in his community. He also helped to bring a railroad into the country. She was also a very prominent member of society, and was very widely respected. In some ways, though, she did not live the ?American Dream.? She did not strive to be wealthy and successful, she spent more of her time giving back to society than trying to become wealthy, prosperous and successful, which was what many people wanted. She worked for gaining the rights for everyone in society including the right for women to vote and anti child labor laws. This was not true for most people of that time. Many people were very poor and tried to become prosperous, but could not. There were many immigrants, especially around Chicago where Addams was. They came here in hope of prosperity, but instead had to work long hard hours for very low wages. Addams was greatly influenced by her father's strong morals. She was the eighth of nine children. Her parents were Sarah and John Huy Addams. Addams' mother died when she was only two while in childbirth. Addams attended public schools in her neighborhood until she went to Rockford College (then Rockford Women's Seminary). It was here that her foundations for feminism were laid and she learned to uphold the ?women's cause.? In 1881, she graduated the Valedictorian of her class of seventeen. She studied medicine in Europe over the next six years, but realized that there were limited career options for women. At this, she decided to help society. While touring Europe, she and Ellen Gates Star, a college friend visited a pioneering settlement house called Tonybee Hall. This was in a very poor area of London. This led Star and Addams to the idea of opening a similar facility in the poorest area of Chicago. When the two friends returned to Chicago, they acquired a large mansion and started Hull House, which was a settlement house. This was mostly aimed at helping immigrants that moved to Chicago. About eighty percent of the population of Chicago was immigrants. It was an immediate success. It provided services for the community. Some of these were: the city's first kindergarten and day care facilities for children of working mothers; employment bureau; libraries; music and art classes; and many other things. Out of all of her efforts, the Illinois legislature passed strong child labor laws and protection for women. Because of the Hull House, Addam's reputation was increased. She used this to society's benefit. She focused on many crucial social issues of the time. Activities at the Hull House soon became national activities on behave of the underprivileged. The Hull House became a meeting place for people like herself who wanted to reform society. She and other reformers who met at the Hull House became leaders of national campaigns for protective labor legislation for women, for elimination of child labor, for factory inspection laws, and for women's suffrage. Addams gave lectures and wrote articles and books publicizing her ideas of social morality. Addams became the first woman president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections in 1906. She led many investigations on midwifery, narcotics consumption, milk supplies, and sanitary conditions. Because of her work, she received the first ever honorary degree ever awarded to a woman by Yale University. Addams was also a major peace advocate. In 1914, when world tensions erupted into war, Addams focused her energy into peace.